Effectiveness of grape seed extract-based intracanal dressings against Enterococcus Faecalis and its influence on dentin microhardness and bond strength of filling material / Eficácia de medicamentos intracanais à base de extrato de semente de uva contra o Enterococcus Faecalis e sua influência na micro-dureza da dentina e na resistência de união do material obturador

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of grape seed extract (GSE)-based intracanal dressings against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its influence on dentin microhardness and bond strength of the filling material. The root canals of 126 human teeth were distributed into three test groups: antimicrobial activity (60 teeth), dentin microhardness (30 teeth) and bond strength (36 teeth). In all three groups, specimens were subdivided into six groups, according to intracanal dressing protocols: G1 ­ distilled water (DW); G2 ­ 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX); G3 ­ calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2)+DW; G4 ­ GSE+DW; G5 ­ Ca(OH)2+CHX; G6 ­ GSE+CHX. The counting of colony-forming units (CFUs), the Vickers microhardness tester and the push-out test were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, dentin microhardness and bond strength, respectively. Specific statistical analysis was performed for each evaluation (α=5%). The greatest bacterial reduction was observed in G5 (Ca[OH]2+CHX) and G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among groups in the dentin microhardness evaluation (p<0.05). The highest bond strength in the immediate evaluation was observed in G4 (GSE+DW) and G6 (GSE+CHX), whereas the highest bond strength after 12 months of storage was observed in G2 (CHX), G3 (Ca[OH]2+DW), G4 (GSE+DW), and G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0.05). After the storage period, bond strength was increased in G2 (CHX) and G3 (Ca[OH]2+DW), and remained unchanged in G4 (GSE+DW) and G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0.05). GSE-based intracanal dressings have antimicrobial potential against E. faecalis, have no influence in dentin microhardness and preserve the high bond strength of filling materials for root dentin over time.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de medicamentos intracanal à base de extrato de semente de uva (GSE) contra Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) e sua influência na microdureza da dentina e na resistência de união do material de obturação. Os canais radiculares de 126 dentes humanos foram distribuídos em três grupos de teste: atividade antimicrobiana (60 dentes), microdureza da dentina (30 dentes) e resistência adesiva (36 dentes). Nos três grupos, as amostras foram subdivididas em seis grupos, de acordo com os protocolos de curativos intracanal: G1 ­ água destilada (DW); G2 ­ gel de clorexidina a 2% (CHX); G3 ­ hidróxido de cálcio (Ca[OH]2) +DW; G4 ­ GSE+DW; G5 ­ Ca(OH)2+CHX; G6 ­ GSE+CHX. A contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs), o testador de microdureza Vickers e o teste push-out foram realizados para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, a microdureza da dentina e a resistência adesiva, respectivamente. Análise estatística específica foi realizada para cada avaliação (α=5%). A maior redução bacteriana foi observada no G5 (Ca[OH]2+CHX) e G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos na avaliação da microdureza da dentina (p<0,05). A maior resistência adesiva na avaliação imediata foi observada no G4 (GSE+DW) e G6 (GSE+CHX), enquanto a maior resistência adesiva após 12 meses de armazenamento foi observada no G2 (CHX), G3 (Ca[OH]2+DW), G4 (GSE+DW) e G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0,05). Após o período de armazenamento, a resistência de união aumentou no G2 (CHX) e G3 (Ca[OH]2+DW), permanecendo inalterada no G4 (GSE+DW) e G6 (GSE+CHX) (p<0,05). Os medicamentos intracanal à base de GSE têm potencial antimicrobiano contra E. faecalis, não influenciam na microdureza da dentina e preservam a alta resistência adesiva dos materiais de obturação da dentina radicular ao longo do tempo.

Association of calcium hypochlorite, reciprocating instrumentation and photodynamic therapy: Antimicrobial analysis and effects on root dentin structure.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action of calcium hypochlorite(Ca[OCl]2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with reciprocating instrumentation and photodynamic therapy(PDT), and its influence on root dentin structure. METHODS: One hundred and ten human teeth were used to antimicrobial evaluation, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 11 groups (n = 10): G1 - distilled water(control); G2-1 % NaOCl; G3-5.25 % NaOCl; G4-1 % Ca(OCl)2; G5-5.25 % Ca(OCl)2; G6-PDT; G7-distilled water + PDT; G8-1 % NaOCl + PDT; G9-5.25 % NaOCl + PDT; G10-1 % Ca(OCl)2+PDT; G11-5.25 % Ca(OCl)2+PDT. In all groups, except G6, the root canals were instrumented with #R50 Reciproc file in the working length in association with tested chemical auxiliary substance. The counting of colony forming units (CFUs) was performed to calculate the bacterial percentage reduction of each group. Following, 55 bovine teeth were used to microhardness evaluation and divided into the same 11 groups (n = 5), with no instrumentation and immersion in the tested protocols. The modification of root dentin microhardness was evaluated by using the Vicker tester. Finally, 33 bovine teeth were used to organic components evaluation and divided into the same 11 groups (n = 3), with no instrumentation and immersion in the tested protocols. The modification of organic components of root dentin was evaluated by light microscopy. Specific statistical analysis was performed for each evaluation. RESULTS: The higher bacterial reduction was observed in groups 3,4,5,8,9,10 and 11, with no statistical difference between them (p > 0.05). The higher microhardness reduction was observed in groups 8,9,10 e 11, with no statistical difference between them (p > 0.05). The highest modification on organic components was observed in groups 3,5,9 and 11, with no statistical difference between them (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The association of Ca(OCl)2, reciprocating instrumentation and PDT promotes effective antimicrobial action. Moreover, lower modification was induced in microhardness and organic components of root dentin, by using Ca(OCl)2 in low concentration associated to PDT.

Perception of Dental Students, Dentists and Patients on the Esthetics of Gingival Recession.

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study verified the self perception of different observers on gingival recession. METHODS: Areas of gingival recession were digitally modified using software simulating different clinical conditions in the esthetic area. A total of 180 individuals (60 dentists, 60 patients, and 60 dental students) participated in this study. From an original photograph of the smile of a volunteer, five cases of gingival recession (GR), including unilateral recession (lateral incisor and canine), bilateral recession (lateral incisor and canine), and generalized recession in upper anterior teeth, were intentionally created with Adobe Photoshop 2015™ image-editing software. The participants analyzed the photographs with scores of 1 (very pleasant), 2 (pleasant), and 3 (unpleasant). The data were evaluated using Student's t-test and ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test at p less than 0.05. RESULTS: Unilateral recession was considered more esthetically pleasing when compared to bilateral recession, showing a signifi cant difference for all groups (p less than 0.05). Patients considered generalized recession and bilateral recession of upper canines less esthetic (p less than 0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it could be concluded that dentists have better visual perception when compared to dental students, who in turn were more perceptive than patients.